Portal:Aviation
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The Aviation Portal
Aviation includes the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Aircraft includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air aircraft such as hot air balloons and airships.
Aviation began in the 18th century with the development of the hot air balloon, an apparatus capable of atmospheric displacement through buoyancy. Clément Ader built the "Ader Éole" in France and made an uncontrolled, powered hop in 1890. This is the first powered aircraft, although it did not achieve controlled flight. Some of the most significant advancements in aviation technology came with the controlled gliding flying of Otto Lilienthal in 1896; then a large step in significance came with the construction of the first powered airplane by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s. Since that time, aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the introduction of the jet which permitted a major form of transport throughout the world. (Full article...)
Selected article
Air Force One
Selected image
Picture: Sergey Kustov
The Airbus A330 is a wide-body twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus which was introduced in 1994. The A330-200, such as pictured here in Aeroflot livery, entered service in 1998 and was considerably more popular than the earlier A330-300. In December 2012 there were 476 A330-200s in operation.
Did you know
...that among the earliest accounts of the use of a man-lifting kite is in the story of Ishikawa Goemon's robbery from Nagoya Castle? ...that No. 112 Squadron RAF was the first unit from any air force to use the "Shark Mouth" logo on P-40 fighter planes? ... the Safety Promotion Center, established by Japan Airlines after the worst single aircraft accident in history, has passengers' farewell letters and wreckage on display to educate employees about safety?
General images -
The following are images from various aviation-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Early Voisin biplane (from History of aviation) -
One of Leonardo's sketches (from History of aviation) -
Clément Ader Avion III (1897 photograph) (from History of aviation) -
Apollo 11 lifts off on its mission to land a man on the Moon (from History of aviation) -
The Wright Military Flyer aboard a wagon in 1908 (from History of aviation) -
Maxim's flying machine (from History of aviation) -
First failure of Langley's manned Aerodrome on the Potomac River, 7 October 1903 (from History of aviation) -
The economy class cabin of an Airbus A350 (from Wide-body aircraft) -
Nieuport IV, operated by most of the world's air forces before WW1 for reconnaissance and bombing, including during the Italian-Turkish war (from History of aviation) -
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Woodcut print of a kite from John Bate's 1635 book The Mysteryes of Nature and Art (from History of aviation) -
La France flying in 1885 (from History of aviation) -
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The Biot-Massia glider, restored and on display in the Musee de l'Air (from History of aviation) -
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Me 262, world first operational jet fighter (from History of aviation) -
The business class cabin on an A350 (from Wide-body aircraft) -
The Aeroplane of Victor Tatin, 1879. (from History of aviation) -
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"Governable parachute" design of 1852 (from History of aviation) -
Alberto Santos-Dumont flying the Demoiselle over Paris (from History of aviation) -
Planophore model aeroplane by Alphonse Pénaud, 1871 (from History of aviation) -
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Flagg biplane from 1933 (from History of aviation) -
The 14-bis, or Oiseau de proie (from History of aviation) -
"Map of Air Routes and Landing Places in Great Britain, as temporarily arranged by the Air Ministry for civilian flying", published in 1919, showing Hounslow, near London, as the hub (from History of aviation) -
1928 issue of Popular Aviation (now Flying magazine), which became the largest aviation magazine with a circulation of 100,000. (from History of aviation) -
Jean-Marie Le Bris and his flying machine, Albatros II, 1868 (from History of aviation) -
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Santos-Dumont's "Number 6" rounding the Eiffel Tower in the process of winning the Deutsch de la Meurthe Prize, October 1901 (from History of aviation) -
Map of record breaking flights of the 1920s (from History of aviation) -
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The Wright Flyer: the first sustained flight with a powered, controlled aircraft (from History of aviation) -
Otto Lilienthal, 29 May 1895 (from History of aviation) -
Experimental helicopter by Enrico Forlanini (1877), exposed at the Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci of Milan, Italy (from History of aviation) -
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Qantas De Havilland biplane, c. 1930 (from History of aviation) -
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D.H. Comet, the world's first jet airliner. As in this picture, it also saw RAF service (from History of aviation) -
French reconnaissance balloon L'Intrépide of 1796, the oldest existing flying device, in the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna (from History of aviation) -
1843 artist's impression of John Stringfellow's plane Ariel flying over the Nile (from History of aviation) -
A Boeing 787 Dreamliner of United Airlines landing at Beijing Capital International Airport in December 2018. (from Wide-body aircraft) -
Concorde, G-BOAB, in storage at London Heathrow Airport following the end of all Concorde flying. This aircraft flew for 22,296 hours between its first flight in 1976 and final flight in 2000 (from History of aviation)
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In the news
Wikinews Aviation portal
- May 29: Austrian Airlines cancels Moscow-bound flight after Russia refuses a reroute outside Belarusian airspace
- August 8: Passenger flight crashes upon landing at Calicut airport in India
- June 4: Power firm helicopter strikes cables, crashes near Fairfield, California
- January 29: Former basketball player Kobe Bryant dies in helicopter crash, aged 41
- January 13: Iran admits downing Ukrainian jet, cites 'human error'
- January 10: Fire erupts in parking structure at Sola Airport, Norway
- October 27: US announces restrictions on flying to Cuba
- October 3: World War II era plane crashes in Connecticut, US, killing at least seven
- September 10: Nevada prop plane crash near Las Vegas leaves two dead, three injured
- August 6: French inventor Franky Zapata successfully crosses English Channel on jet-powered hoverboard
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Selected Aircraft
The VZ-9 Avrocar (full military designation VZ-9-AV) was a Canadian VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Aircraft Ltd. as part of a secret U.S. military project carried out in the early years of the Cold War.[1] The Avrocar intended to exploit the Coandă effect to provide lift and thrust from a single "turborotor" blowing exhaust out the rim of the disk-shaped aircraft to provide anticipated VTOL-like performance. In the air, it would have resembled a flying saucer. Two prototypes were built as "proof-of-concept" test vehicles for a more advanced USAF fighter and also for a U.S. Army tactical combat aircraft requirement.[2] In flight testing, the Avrocar proved to have unresolved thrust and stability problems that limited it to a degraded, low-performance flight envelope; subsequently, the project was cancelled in 1961.
- Diameter:18 ft (5.486 m)
- Height: 3 ft 6 in (1.1 m)
- Engines: 3 x Turbomeca Marboré Continental J69-T-9
- Max Speed: 300 mph (482 km/h)
- First Flight: 12 November 1959
- Number built: 2
Today in Aviation
January 1
- 2013 – The rebel Kachin Independence Army reports that Myanmar Air Force aircraft attacking its positions in northern Myanmar have overflown the People's Republic of China during the day, penetrating as far as one kilometer (0.6 miles) into Chinese airspace.[3]
- 2011 – The 2011 Somerset hot air balloon crash occurred early in the morning on New Year’s Day, 2011, when a balloon attempting a high-altitude flight crashed at Pratten’s Bowls Club in Midsomer Norton, near Bath, England.
- 2011 – Kolavia Flight 348: A Kolavia Flight 348, operated by Tupolev Tu-154B-2 RA-85588 of Kogalymavia catches fire while taxying for take-off at Surgut International Airport, Russia, killing three people, and injuring 43. The aircraft is destroyed by the fire.
- 2010 – American airline Northwest Airlines is merged into Delta Air Lines.
- 2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 (KI-574) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Adam Air between the Indonesian cities of Surabaya (SUB) and Manado (MDC) disappeared with 102 people on board near Polewali in Sulawesi.
- 2004 – UH-60L Black Hawk 93-26514 from 4–101st Aviation Regiment makes hard landing.[4]
- 2003 – Joe Foss, American politician and fighter pilot, dies (b. 1916). Joseph Jacob “Joe” Foss was a leading “ace” fighter pilot in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, a 1943 recipient of the Medal of Honor, a general in the Air National Guard, and the 20th Governor of South Dakota.
- 1997 – Launch of Operation Northern Watch, US European Command Combined Task Force (CTF) charged with enforcing its own no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq.
- 1987 – US Coast Guard HH-65 Dolphins and US Navy H-3 Sea Kings help rescue people trapped inside the Dupont Plaza hotel Puerto Rico after a fire there on New Year's Eve.
- 1985 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 980, a Boeing 727, impacts Mount Illimani in Bolivia. All 29 people on board are killed.
- 1983 – Eastern Air Lines‘ first revenue Boeing 757 flight.
- 1982 – Death of Albert Earl Godfrey, Canadian World War I flying ace.
- 1978 – British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley, and Scottish Aviation are absorbed into British Aerospace.
- 1978 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the Arabian Sea as a result of instrument malfunction and pilot error; all 213 passengers and crew die.
- 1976 – Middle East Airlines Flight 438, a Boeing 720, crashes in Saudi Arabia when a bomb explodes in the forward baggage compartment, killing all 81 people on board.
- 1975 – Michael K. Hynes founded Brantly-Hynes Helicopter Inc., now known as Brantly International.
- 1970 – Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (SNIAS) is founded by merging Nord Aviation, Sud Aviation and la Société pour l’étude et la réalisation d’engins balistiques (SEREB).
- 1967 – The United States conducts a 48-hour stand-down of air operations over Vietnam for the New Year holiday.
- 1966 – January 1–7 – The U.S. Army's 173rd Airborne Brigade and Australian troops carry out Operation Marauder, a combined helicopter and ground assault against Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam’s Mekong Delta and the first time American units operate in the Delta.
- 1962 – Inauguration of regular Yukon flights between Trenton and Marville.
- 1960 – Fiji Airways is reconstituted, becoming equally owned by BOAC, Qantas, and Tasman Empire Airways.
- 1959 – Birth of Abdul Ahad Mohmand, former Afghan Air Force aviator and first Afghan in space.
- 1959 – First flight of the I.P.D BF-1 Beija-Flor, a two-seat light helicopter designed by Henrich Focke.
- 1956 – Death of Ludwig Dürr, German airship designer.
- 1956 – Birth of Sergei Avdeyev, Russian engineer and cosmonaut.
- 1955 – Death of Alvaro Leonardi, Italian World War I pilot.
- 1951 – The first post-war RCAF squadron, No. 421(F) Sqron, was transferred overseas to Odiham. They were flying RAF de Havilland VampireS.
- 1951 – The United States Air Force reestablishes the Air Defense Command. It also returns the Air Defense Command to the status of a major command, a status it has not held since December 1948.
- 1947 – Birth of Vladimir Titov, Russian Air Force pilot and former cosmonaut.
- 1946 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian becomes the first commercial flight to depart Heathrow Airport
- 1946 – British European Airways (British European Airways) is formed.
- 1946 – The first civil flight from Heathrow Airport occurs.
- 1945 – Lockheed P-38G Lightning, 42-13400 suffers crash landing on Attu Island in the Aleutians, 2,000 miles (3,200 km) W of Anchorage, Alaska, whilst on a training mission, pilot 2nd Lt. Robert Nesmith unhurt. Airframe suffers propellers torn off, broken horizontal stabilizer, buckled left nacelle. After simple parts salvage, it is abandoned in place. Recovered June 1999, it is transported by helicopter to the U.S. Coast Guard station at Attu, then flown to Anchorage in an Alaska Air National Guard Lockheed C-130 Hercules. Registered as N55929 but not taken up. Restored at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, it is placed on display at McCloud Memorial Park, Elmendorf AFB, in April 2000.
- 1945 – The Luftwaffe begins targeting Allied airfields in Europe as "Operation Bodenplatte" Focke-Wulf Fw 190D-9, '12', of 10./JG. 54, flown by Leutnant Theo Nibel of the Grimbergen force, is downed when he strikes a partridge which holes his coolant radiator, makes forced gear-up landing near Brussels.
- 1943 – The sole Lockheed XP-49, 40-3055, a development of the P-38 Lightning, first flown 11 November 1942, suffers a crash landing at Burbank, California when the port landing gear fails to lock down due to a combined hydraulic and electrical problem. Pilot was Joe C. Towle. Repaired, it returns to flight on 16 February 1943, and is sent to Wright Field, Ohio, for further testing. Despite improved performance over the P-38, difficulties with the new engines, as well as the success of the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and the P-51 Mustang, leads to no additional orders or production.
- 1942 – Birth of Gennadi Sarafanov, Soviet cosmonaut.
- 1941 – First mobile Ground Controlled Interception (GCI) radar station, at Sopley, is sited and staffed.
- 1940 – Identification friend or foe (IFF) coding is introduced to identify Bomber, Coastal and Fighter Command aircraft for the air defence system. VHF Radio Telephone installations are also completed eight selected sectors.
- 1937 – Lt. Col. Frederick Irving Eglin (1891–1937), first rated as a military aviator in 1917 and helped train other flyers during World War I, is killed while assigned to General Headquarters, Air Force, Langley Field, Virginia, in the crash of his Northrop A-17 pursuit aircraft, 35-97, at Chesa Mountain, Alabama in bad weather during flight from Langley to Maxwell Field, Alabama. The Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Base renamed Eglin Field 4 August 1937, later Eglin Air Force Base on 24 June 1948.
- 1937 – Blériot Aéronautique is incorporated in the Societe Nationale de Construction Aeronautiques du Sud-Ouest (SNCASO) under the directorship of Marcel Bloch (aviator).
- 1934 – The airline Deutsche Luft Hansa changes its name to Lufthansa.
- 1931 – Amy Johnson takes off in her de Havilland Gipsy Moth Jason III for an attempt to reach Peking.
- 1929 – Polish airline LOT formed.
- 1929 – January 1–7 – Carl Spaatz, Ira Eaker, and Elwood Quesada set an endurance record of 151 hours aloft in a Fokker F.VIIa-3 m.
- 1929 – Death of George Holt Thomas, aviation industry pioneer and newspaper proprietor. Founder of the Aircraft Manufacturing Company Limited or Airco.
- 1925 – French airline CIDNA is formed.
- 1922 – First Airline Uniforms are introduced by Instone Air Line.
- 1920 – French airline * 1919 – Birth of Vasile ‘Chitu’ Gavriliu, Romanian World War II fighter ace.
- 1919 – Colombian airline “Colombian-German Air Transport Society (SCADTA) is formed. The first airline of the American continent
- 1919 – Civil aviation resumes in Germany.
- 1917 – Five Royal Naval Air Service crew en route from Manston, England to Villacoublay, France in a Handley Page 0/100 bomber, run into clouds, lose their direction due to a compass fault, and land to ask directions. Unfortunately, they come down behind German lines at Chalandry, near Lâon, France, and before they can either burn the machine or take off, a German infantry patrol captures them and their intact bomber. An unconfirmed story states that Manfred von Richthofen flew this machine to 10,000 feet (3,000 m)10,000 feet before the Kaiser at a later date.
- 1916 – First flight of the Zeppelin LZ60 (LZ90), German dirigible.
- 1914 – The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line starts services, becoming the first airline to provide regular services, with Anthony Jannus conveying passengers in a Benoist XIV flying boat. A. C. Pheil is the first airline passenger.
- 1914 – The Naval Wing of the Royal Flying Corps is given the responsibility for the operation of all British military airships. The Royal Navy will retain control of all British airships until December 1919.
- 1914 – The U.S. Weather Bureau begins daily publication of a weather map of the Northern Hemisphere designed specifically as an aid to aviation.
- 1910 – Edwin Alliott Verdon Roe with his brother Humphrey founded the A. V. Roe Aircraft Co. at Brownsfield Mill, Great Ancoats Street, Manchester.
- 1903 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky deduces the Basic Rocket Equation in his article Explorations of outer space with the help of reaction apparatuses.
- 1897 – Birth of Francis Mansel Kitto, Welsh WWI flying ace.
- 1895 – Birth of Bertrand Blanchard ‘Bert’ Acosta, known as ‘the Bad Boy of the Air’, American record setting aviator. He flew in the Spanish Civil War in the Yankee Sqron and received numerous fines and suspensions for flying stunts such as flying under bridges or flying too close to buildings.
- 1895 – Birth of Paul Bona, German World War I flying ace.
- 1894 – Birth of Vasili Ivanovich Yanchenko, second ranking Russian World War I flying ace.
- 1893 – Birth of Vincenzo Magliocco, Italian World War I and Italo-Abyssinian War pilot, Brigadier General of the Regia Aeronautica.
- 1892 – Birth of Clinton Leonard Jones, Jr, American World War I flying ace.
- 1887 – Birth of Basile Felicien Sauné, French World War I flying ace.
- 1887 – Birth of Max Ritter von Müller, German World War I fighter ace.
- 1879 – Birth of Albert Hoyt Taylor, American electrical engineer who made important early contributions to the development of radar.
- 1874 – Birth of Gustave Whitehead, born Gustav Albin Weisskopf, aviation pioneer who immigrated from Germany to the U. S., where he designed and built early flying machines and engines to power them. He claimed to have made controlled, powered airplane flights more than two years before the Wright brothers.
References
- ^ Yenne 2003), pp. 281–283.
- ^ Milberry 1979, p. 137.
- ^ Roughneen, Simon, "Myanmar Launches Airstrikes on Kachin Rebels," The Christian Science Monitor, 2 January 2013.
- ^ "1993 USAF Serial Numbers". Retrieved 2010-02-17.
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